Topological insulator is an innovative concept, which is knowns as quantum spin Hall effect. The classical material, like Bi2Se3 or Bi2Te3, which is knowns as thermoelectric material have been observed Dirac cone at the fermi level. That is means, topological insulator has insulating gap in bulk but gap-less in surface state. In recent, other scholars had find out topological insulator bandgap can be controlled with mixing other magnetic element and others study that topological insulator exist superconductivity at low temperature, which also called topological superconductor.
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